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      枚举(enumerate)
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        <h2 id="什么是枚举"><a href="#什么是枚举" class="headerlink" title="什么是枚举"></a>什么是枚举</h2><p>　　枚举是程序员自己定义的类型，与类和结构一样。<br>　　■ 与结构一样，枚举是值类型，因此直接存储它们的数据，而不是分成引用和数据去存储。<br>　　■ 不能对枚举成员使用修饰符，它们都隐式的具有和枚举相同的可访问性。<br>　　■ 枚举只有一种类型的成员：命名的整数值常量。<br><figure class="highlight thrift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//声明枚举的关键字是“enum”</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">TrafficLight</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Green,  <span class="comment">//成员之间用逗号分隔</span></span><br><span class="line">    Yellow,  </span><br><span class="line">    Red</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<p>　　<strong>每一个枚举类型都有一个底层整数类型，默认为int。</strong><br>　　■ 每一个枚举成员都被赋值一个默认的int类型的常量值。<br>　　■ 编译器把第一个成员默认的赋值为0，此后每一个成员都在前一个成员的基础上多1。<br><figure class="highlight arduino"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TrafficLight t1 = TrafficLight.Green;</span><br><span class="line">TrafficLight t2 = TrafficLight.Yellow;</span><br><span class="line">TrafficLight t3 = TrafficLight.Red;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//将枚举成员强制转换成int类型的底层整数值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Console</span>.WriteLine(<span class="string">"&#123;0&#125;---&#123;1&#125;"</span>,t1,(<span class="keyword">int</span>)t1);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Console</span>.WriteLine(<span class="string">"&#123;0&#125;---&#123;1&#125;"</span>,t2,(<span class="keyword">int</span>)t2);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Console</span>.WriteLine(<span class="string">"&#123;0&#125;---&#123;1&#125;"</span>,t3,(<span class="keyword">int</span>)t3);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Console</span>.ReadKey();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>运行结果：<br><img src="/image/cSharp/cSharp85.png" alt=""><br>枚举的成员常量被底层整数值表示：<br><img src="/image/cSharp/cSharp86.png" alt=""><br>　　<strong>可以把枚举值赋值给枚举类型的变量。</strong><br><figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">TrafficLight t1 = TrafficLight.Green;</span><br><span class="line">TrafficLight t2 = TrafficLight.Yellow;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//将枚举值赋值给枚举类型的变量</span></span><br><span class="line">TrafficLight t3 = t2;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="设置底层类型和显式值"><a href="#设置底层类型和显式值" class="headerlink" title="设置底层类型和显式值"></a>设置底层类型和显式值</h2><p>　　<strong>可以修改枚举类型的底层类型</strong>，可以使用冒号和类型名使枚举的底层类型使用<strong>char以外</strong>的任何整数类型。<br><figure class="highlight protobuf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//将底层类型由默认的int修改成ulong</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">TrafficLight</span> : ulong</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ...</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　<strong>成员常量的值可以显式的设置</strong>，可以在枚举声明的时候进行初始化成员常量的值，<strong>枚举不能有重复的名称，但是可以有重复的成员常量值。</strong><br><figure class="highlight crystal"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">TrafficLight</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Green = <span class="number">10</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    Yellow = <span class="number">15</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    Red = <span class="number">15</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="隐式成员编号"><a href="#隐式成员编号" class="headerlink" title="隐式成员编号"></a>隐式成员编号</h2><p>   <strong>可以显式的给任何成员常量赋值，如果没有赋值，编译器会隐式的给它赋一个值。</strong><br><figure class="highlight thrift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//编译器默认赋值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">CardSuit</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Hearts,       <span class="comment">//0</span></span><br><span class="line">    Clubs,        <span class="comment">//1</span></span><br><span class="line">    Diamonds,     <span class="comment">//2</span></span><br><span class="line">    Spades,       <span class="comment">//3</span></span><br><span class="line">    MaxSuits      <span class="comment">//4</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//显式的赋值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">FaceCards</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Jack = <span class="number">11</span>,             <span class="comment">//11</span></span><br><span class="line">    Queen,                 <span class="comment">//12 (在前一个的基础上多1)</span></span><br><span class="line">    King,                  <span class="comment">//13</span></span><br><span class="line">    Ace,                   <span class="comment">//14</span></span><br><span class="line">    NumberOfFaceCards = <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="comment">//4</span></span><br><span class="line">    SomeOtherValue,        <span class="comment">//5</span></span><br><span class="line">    HighesFaceCard = Ace   <span class="comment">//14 </span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>成员赋值的法则：<br><img src="/image/cSharp/cSharp87.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="枚举成员可以直接使用"><a href="#枚举成员可以直接使用" class="headerlink" title="枚举成员可以直接使用"></a>枚举成员可以直接使用</h2><p>　　由于枚举成员是常量，所以可以不用创建枚举类型的变量，直接使用枚举成员。<br><figure class="highlight crystal"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">MyEnum</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    one,</span><br><span class="line">    two,</span><br><span class="line">    three</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Program</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    static void Main(string[] args)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        /<span class="regexp">/没有创建枚举变量，可以直接使用枚举成员</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        Console.WriteLine("&#123;0&#125;",MyEnum.one);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        Console.WriteLine("&#123;0&#125;",MyEnum.two);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        Console.WriteLine("&#123;0&#125;",MyEnum.three);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>运行结果：<br><img src="/image/cSharp/cSharp88.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="不同枚举类型的成员之间无法比较"><a href="#不同枚举类型的成员之间无法比较" class="headerlink" title="不同枚举类型的成员之间无法比较"></a>不同枚举类型的成员之间无法比较</h2><figure class="highlight crystal"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">FirstEnum</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Mem1,</span><br><span class="line">    Mem2</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="title">SecondEnum</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Mem1,</span><br><span class="line">    Mem2</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Program</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    static void Main(string[] args)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(FirstEnum.Mem1 &lt; FirstEnum.Mem2)</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            /<span class="regexp">/正确，相同的枚举类型进行比较</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        if(FirstEnum.Mem1 &lt; SecondEnum.Mem1)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">            /</span><span class="regexp">/错误，不同的枚举类型进行比较会发生编译期错误</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
      
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